#Dogen #Shobogenzo4

**道元・日本における曹洞宗の先駆者**
「悟りを求める人のために、禅の本質を明らかにした」。鎌倉時代初期の禅僧。日本における曹洞宗の宗祖。晩年には希玄と呼ばれる。主著『正法眼蔵』は、日本のみならず世界中に影響を与えている。
道元は、京都の公卿久我家に生まれた。幼名は「信子丸」だが定かではない。父については諸説あり、実際には源通親の子である堀川通具とする説もある。大納言の堀川通具を実父とする説もある。しかし、四国地方では、稚児として藤原氏の馬宿に捨てられていたと言われている。伝記によれば、三歳で父を、八歳で母を失って、異母兄である堀川通具の養子となる。
神童であったという話もある。四歳にして漢詩「百詠」や七歳で『春秋左氏伝』、九歳で『阿毘達磨倶舎論』を読み、その後は天台の僧となるが、その教義に満足せず禅宗に入る。14歳で天台の僧となり、貞応二年宋に渡り天童山に参禅した。そして安貞元年帰国。その後、京都深草に興聖寺を開く。この頃比叡山からの弾圧を受けている。
建暦2年比叡山を訪ねる。建暦3年仏法房道元と名乗り。建保5年建仁寺で栄西の弟子の明全に師事する。そして貞応2年に博多から南宋に渡って諸山を巡る。この時の宝慶元年の天童如浄の「身心脱落」の語を聞いて得悟した。また、その際の問答記録が『寶慶記』である。
道元は、神童として幼少より仏教や詩作に親しみ、13歳で出家すると南宋に渡って諸山を巡りながら禅宗に入る。帰国後も独自の思想を展開し、その中核はひたすら坐禅するところに悟りが顕現しているとする立場である。そのような思想は75巻本の「正法眼蔵」に見えるものだとされる。
また、成仏とは一定のレベルの達成であり、人間の限界を超えた存在とし、そのためには無念無想の禅が必要とされた。道元の教えは、日本のみならず世界中に影響を与えている。
**Q：何をされた方ですか？**
A：日本における曹洞宗の宗祖であり、鎌倉時代初期の禅僧で、日本のみならず世界に影響を与えた人物です。
**Q：有名な作品は何ですか？**
A：主著『正法眼蔵』が有名です。日本のみならず世界中で影響を受けているこの本は、仏教思想や坐禅の重要性を説いているといわれています。
関連動画
・【教養 / 聞き流し】第3章！法然に続き、「親鸞」や「道元」も、制約のある中でイノベーションを起こす。従来の考えを一歩先に進めるために行ったこととは？仏教学者 #平岡聡 氏が分かり易く解説する。
・【『正法眼蔵』道元の説いた禅の世界を知る】
・End All - Faster! Harder! Louder! feat.道元(Afterzero, Thousand Eyes, Undead Corporation) 　Music Video
English Summary
**Dogen, the pioneer of Soto Buddhism in Japan**
"He clarified the essence of Zen for those seeking enlightenment." A Zen monk from the early Kamakura period. The founder of the Soto sect in Japan. In his later years, he was called Kigen. His main work, Shobogenzo, has had an influence not only in Japan but all over the world.
Dogen was born into the Kuga family, a court noble in Kyoto. His childhood name was ``Shinkomaru,'' but it is not certain. There are various theories about his father, and some say that he was actually Michichika Horikawa's son, Michigu Horikawa. There is also a theory that his biological father was Michigu Horikawa, a Dainagon minister. However, in the Shikoku region, it is said that he was abandoned as a child in the stables of the Fujiwara clan. According to his biography, he lost his father at the age of three and his mother at the age of eight, and was adopted by his half-brother, Togu Horikawa.
There are also stories that he was a child prodigy. At the age of four, he read the Chinese poem ``Hyakuei'', at the age of seven he read ``Shunju Sajiden'', and at the age of nine he read ``Abidharma Kushalon'', and after that he became a monk of Tendai, but was not satisfied with its teachings and entered Zen Buddhism. At the age of 14, he became a monk at Tendai, and in the second year of his career, he traveled to the Sung Dynasty and practiced meditation at Mt. Tendo. He then returned to Japan in the first year of Yasuda. Afterwards, he opened Koshoji Temple in Fukakusa, Kyoto. Around this time, they were under oppression from Mt. Hiei.
Visited Mt. Hiei in the 2nd year of the Kenreki era. In the 3rd year of the Kenreki era, he called himself Butshobo Dogen. Studied under Meizen, a disciple of Eisai, at Kennin-ji Temple in the 5th year of the Kenpo era. Then, in the 2nd year of Jo'o, he traveled from Hakata to the Southern Song Dynasty and visited various mountains. At this time, he was enlightened when he heard Tendo Nyojo's words of ``dropping the body and mind'' in the first year of Hokei. The record of the questions and answers at that time is called ``Hokeiki.''
As a child prodigy, Dogen became familiar with Buddhism and poetry from an early age, and after becoming a priest at the age of 13, he traveled to the Southern Song Dynasty and entered Zen Buddhism while touring the mountains. After returning to Japan, he continued to develop his own unique philosophy, the core of which is the belief that enlightenment is manifested in zazen meditation. Such ideas are said to be found in the 75-volume ``Shobogenzo.''
In addition, attaining Buddhahood was the attainment of a certain level of existence, transcending human limitations, and in order to achieve this, it was necessary to practice Zen without regret. Dogen's teachings have influenced not only Japan but all over the world.
**Q: What did you do? **
He is the founder of the Soto sect in Japan, a Zen monk from the early Kamakura period, and a person who influenced not only Japan but the world.
**Q: What are your famous works? **
His main work, Shobogenzo, is famous. This book, which has had an influence not only in Japan but all over the world, is said to explain Buddhist thought and the importance of zazen.
Wikipedia:道元